Urban heat island mitigation by green infrastructure in European Functional Urban Areas

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is one of the most harmful environmental hazards for urban dwellers. Climate change expected to increase intensity UHI effect. In this context, implementation Green Infrastructure (UGI) can partially reduce intensity, promoting a resilient environment and contributing climate adaptation mitigation. order achieve result, there need systematically integrate UGI into planning legislation, but process subject availability widely applicable, easily accessible quantitative evidence. To offer big picture heat opportunities mitigate high temperatures, we developed model that reports Ecosystem Service (ES) microclimate regulation in 601 European cities. simulates temperature difference between baseline no-vegetation scenario, extrapolating role mitigating different contexts. Finally, practical, indicator be applied by policymakers city administrations has been elaborated, allowing estimate amount vegetation needed cool summer temperatures certain degree. found cities 1.07 °C on average, up 2.9 °C, 1 drop tree cover at least 16% required. ES mostly dependent inside transpiration canopy evaporation. Furthermore, almost 40% countries, more than half residing population does not benefit from service provided vegetation. Widespread UGI, particular arid regions with insufficient cover, key ensure healthy living conditions citizens.